gate wood



W. GATEWODD.

FLOAHNG VESSEL.

Mmwmm l-'min MAY?, um.

E SHEETS-SHEET l.

" ATTORNEW mma sept/9, 1919.

W. GATEWOOD.

FLOATING VESSEL. APPLICATION man MAY1.1917.

Patamedeps. 9, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVEMIVW 'ATTORNEYS WIGATEWOOD.

FLOATING VESSEL.

APPLICATION FILED IIIAYI. IQIL PIIIQIIIQII sem. 9, m9

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

I II, IIIGJII IIII W INVENTOR I f ATTORNEE W. GATEWOOD.

FLOATING VESSEL. Y APPLICATION FILED MAY?. IQIT.

Patented Sept. 9,1919.,

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4 .IMI-MIM I III III lfllll 4 IIIIIIIIMHIl/IIIIIIFMI INVENTOR ATTORNEYS W. GATEWOOD.

FLOATING VESSEL.

APPLICATION man MAYI. |911.

'wwwa f H `mmedsepf..9, 1919..

` a-sHEETs-SHEET Y t ,AHORA/frs built with 'glongitudinalfframes `spacedfsuiiif'` the shellz andinner bottom,` and With'flongi tudinal beams toluoally'support thegdee and with transverse 'frames spaced more "widely to support the-*longitudinal iranes and beams; and that "a sirmiar'constructien produce a novelconstruct'ion-of .Qwrnnremfearnwoon,'oF'uEwronrn'nwa-vmema segnatamente""7911er To all whom t may @afneemt i' u l floatin vesselsiof allvtypeafwherei l bine 'l1A htness of construction "withgr strengt and; resistance vtoy allftendenficiesto4 bendings or bucklings; tofwhichfvesselsor any parts thereoiare ordinarily s1`1bjected,A

It is well-known` that vesse1s-havefbee ciently close lto 'locally support and fstiili'e has `been usedwor stiifeningthelohgitudinal and transverse' bulkhead`s,",tbe closely spaced members being commonly cailed stlfi'eners.` y

and-"the more widely spaced membersbeing commonly called webs 7. Butjfm #these constructions, the general practice has `been to space the transverse tranne` atxappr'oxii mately equal distances apart, the exact spac-` ing being arranged to suit the locatlon of bulkheads,hatches,` etc. In-mostcases where' this construction hasbeen used, the `lon tudinal frames" are continuous through t e transverse frames, which are rtted 'oi'erior` around the longitudinal frameabut-are' cut f for convenience -at the bulkheads andhthe@ `ends bracketed. ri.

I have discovered that the stressesin" the longitudinale may be reduced'or thefsigeand weight of the `longtudinals decreased byl` making. the spacing `betvrfeena bulkhead or transverse at which-"the" longltudlnal 1s bracketed and fthe ad]acent" transverse,`

greater 'than the spacing between i trans-v` verses at which'the longitudinale are not bracketed. Where the spacing of bulkheads.

is such that only two transverses would be fitted betweenthemgl 'make the distance between the two transverses less than onethird the distance between thebulkQheads; about one-fourth the distance between theV bulkheads will be found a suitable distance, although an even smaller `propo1"tionated1s` tance may be used if the end bracketsare inserire VESSEL r Quise 1 4 bulkhea sbetween`the web which supports i the stift'eners-and the vshell 'platingg; or longi- *een aber. Y

. blyainioreasedi "The same `Erelativeiy ri s ac1ng=lmay bei .used onl transverse A"lelrllll bulkhead at whieathe saneamare 4 l`bracketed.;v `This construction: S- illustrated up f Tn mechanical principe en "which this 3,015" c 1 formlyloaded beamis-continuousoversevs` eral equally spacedjfsupports, .thej bendingl `nu)ment-'af7.the support is practically double construction is based iis-that where a uni- ,the i bending moment midway 'between su la portsg-and increases as thief-square of thel d1s' 'i i vzo 1 ancefbetweenijthe supports4 .rrha;attimief` he bracket "a the? eil-,afer

lso to t reduce the bending 'moment L in the less than itwouldbe if the end ofthe bracket `were consideredone of the points of sup port. Thislatter dect is `due to thegive of the bracket when the beam is loaded.` The bendingmoments in the end span are there" "fore `much `less than at the intermediate y points of' support. By reducing the spacing dit heybeam; however, is to reduce the span and earn at its `attachment to the bracket to between the intermediate supports,the bendi in kmoments at the'supports maybe consi Verablyreduced without causing the bending moments in the lon er endspans to become greater than the `the intermediate supports. 'spacing' ofthe intermediate supports,not l ending moments at y `theqcloser only arethe maximum bending moments in f1 thebeam reduced, but the reactions on the intermediate supports arereduced also. The

zstresses `in the end `brackets are increased, yand account must be taken of that fact in desining thegbraeet. A similarelect is p pro uced byfknees formed by splittingand opening out the "ends of thebeam.` The change in the values of the bending moments produced by the closercspacing of the in-` termediate supports is illustrated by Figs. 9,110 and 11. \Fig.;`9' sbowsthe relative values of 'thelbending moments when all. supports `are equally `spaced and the beam" is continuous witliout brackets. Fig. 10

showsthe `relative values of the bending moments when all su `ports are equally spaced andthe `beam is racketed at' the end sup Orts. I Fig. 1l shows the relative values of t e bending `moments whenthe spacing p `ofthe intermediate supports is reduced. y t

In this construction, there may be made a saving in weight of the longitudinale and stieners, and also a saving in weight of the transverses and webs with no sacrifice of strength and rigidity. Indeed, on account of the somewhat better connection of the bracket to the bulkhead, the longitudinal.

strength of the vessel may be somewhat .increased if desired, even though the sectlon `of the longitudinal is reduced.

The reduction in bending momentcaused by the use of the brackets, may be utilized to reduce the number of transverses without making the longitudinals unduly large by transverses, if desired, but where brackets are fitted, this would seemundesirable.. It has been found, for instance, that where two transverses would ordinarily be fitted between bulkheadsl according to present methods of construction on tank Steamers, an equal or better result can be obtained by tting only one transverse between bulkheads, with thelongitudinals bracketed to K the transverse as well as to the bulkhead.

In vessels having transverse framing, the reduction in bending moment caused by the use of brackets may be utilized to reduce the size of the beams, when the beams are brack .eted or. kneed at kthe ends and supported by two or more girders, by making the spacing between the girders less than the distance between the girders and the framing of the shell or bulkhead at which the beams are `bracketed or kneed. This construction is illustrated in Fig. 3.

In vessels having transverse reduction in bending moment caused by the use of brackets may be utilized to reduce the size ofthe frames, when the frames are supported by stringers, by adjusting the spacing of the stringerer to secure as nearly as practicable uniform stresses in the frames where they cross the stringers and at the ends of the brackets securing the ends of the frames or securing the deck beams to the frames. This construction is illustrated in Fig. 3.A Similarly, the size of the stringers and of the web frames supporting the stringers may be reduced by making the spacing between the web frames less than the distance between the web frame and the adjacent bulkhead at which the Stringer is bracketed. This `construction is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.

To the above ends, my invention'con'sists of a novel construction of floating vessel44 provided with transverses or webs, longitudinal frames, beams and brackets arranged,

proportioned and collocated in the novel manner hereinabove described.

Y For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown 'in the accompanying framing, the

drawings, certain forms thereof which are at present preferred by me, since the same will be found in practice to 've satisfactory and reliable results, althoug it is to be u'nderstood that the various instrumentalities of which my invention consists can be variously ,arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Fig. 1 represents'a section taken through a compartment of a vessel built in accordance with my invention, showing two transverses between transverse bulkheads and two webs between shell and centerline bulkhead.

Fig. 2 represents asection taken through a compartment of a vessel embodying my invention showing only one transverse between transverse bulkheads, with the longitudinals bracketed to the transverse as well as to the bulkheads.

Fig. 3 represents a transverse, vertical section of a vessel having transverse framing built in accordance with my invention showing the closer spacing of girders under the deck beams and also of. stringers supporting the frames. l

Fig. 4 represents a partial side elevation of a vessel embodying my invention, having longitudinal framing and two transverses between transverse bulkheads.

Fig. 5 represents a partial side elevation of a vessel embodying my invention, having longitudinal framing and a single transverse between transverse bulkheads.

Fig. 6 represents a partial elevation of a vessel embodying my invention having transverse framing and' side stringers and web frames.

Fig. 7 'represents a partial horizontal section of a .vessel embodying my invention constructed as seen in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 represents a perspectivelof a comn and 4 designates the longitudinal supported by the transverse and bracketed to the transverse bulkhead.

5 designates stifeners on the centerline of .the bulkhead supported by the webs and bracketed to the transverse bulkheads. 6 designates stifeners on the transverse bulkat n `the girders under the deck beams and of f l ers and web frames` heads supported by the webs and bracketed` at one endto the shell and at the other end to the centerline bulkhead.

7 designates the brackets located atthe Aends of the longitudinal or stiffener, it being noticed that the spacing between transverses or webs is appreciably less than the spacing between a `transverse and bulkhead or between a web and bulkhead or shell. i

ln the construction showninF'ig. 2, "the heads` with the, longitudinale `bracketed to the l transverse 'as well as `to.` the" bulkheads; it` willbe apparent thatthe this account, although the rigidity of1 the longitudinal frame may be slightly reduced `if the longitudinal i-snot increased in size.

` ln lthe construction shown in Fig. 3, I have shown across-section through a vessel having transverse framing embodying my invention, showingthecloserspacing of the stringere supportingthe frames, .wherein -8 designates the transverse frame, 9 the' transverse deckbeam, `10 the girders supporting the deck beam,` `11 the stringers supporting the frame, 12 the brackets `at the the ends of the deck beamp' lt is apparent that" the proportionate spacing of the transverses and webs and the details' of the bracket connections maybe altered as considered desirable-fte vsuit conditions, without` departing from `the spirit of my inventiomprovided uniform spacing is departedA from.` e

`,ln the construction shown inffliig. 4;,

which is a partial elevation-of a vessel embodying my invention, havin longitudinal `framing and two transverses etween transverse bulkheads, I have designated the transverse-s as `1, while 14 designates the" bulkheads `and `16 the decks. n

ln the construction seen in Fig. 5, `which and a single transverse between transverse bulkheads, f1 indicates `transverses,f14 the bulkheads and 16 the decks. f

tial elevation and `a partial horizontal sec'- tionof a vessel embodying my invention,

yhaving transverse framing and side string" 1l indicates the stringers supporting the `trames, 14 the transverse bulkheads, 15 the webs worked in conjunction with the stringers l1, asshown, and 16 the deck.

nals are Vnot bracketed, whereby the maximum stresses in thewlongitudinals are re-` duced and the` size and weight of thelongi- `tudinals aredecreased. y i

the spacing of bulkl Furthermore where heads is such thatonly two transverses will itted betweenthem, I-make the distance between the `two transversesless than one- !Ihis construction is illustratedin Fig. 1.

between the bulkheadswill be `found a" suitable distance, although: an even smaller pro-` rackets are suitably increased, the same relatively wider. spacing being used on isqillustratedsin Figxl.y y r l"It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, that by the foregoing construction there is a savin `in. weight of theY longitudinals and sti eners and alsoa saving in of the bracket to thel bulkhead, the longitudinal strength of the vessel.` may be somewhat increased, even although the section of the longitudinal is reduced.`

r It` will be apparent to those` skilled in the reduce the sizeof the beams `when the beams are bracketedat the ends and supported by two or more girders, by `making the i, distance between the girders less than the dis- "tance 4between'the `girders and the ,shell or bulkhead at which the beams are bracket- `edorkneed- This construction is illustrated in Fig'. 3.

1 lt will be apparent to those skilled in the is a partial elevationof a vessel embodying 11i 'my invention, having longitudinal `framing art that in vessels having transverse frames,

the reduction in bending moment caused by the u use of bracketsfmay be utilizedto re` duce the size of the frames when the frames are supported by stringere, by adjusting the ln Figs. 6 `and 7, whichrepresent a par- `third-thel distance between the ,.bulkheads.

"In practice, aboutone-fourth the distance u n portionate distancemay be used, ifthe end f spacing of the bulkheads is not reducedon .weight of the transverses and `.webs with no `sacrifice of i strength and rigidity, and on account of the somewhat better connection `heel of the frame, andlS' the brackets at n art that in vesselshaving transverse` frami spacing of the stringere to secure as` nearly I as practicable uniform stresses in the frames wheretheycross the'stringers andV at the ends ofthe brackets securin the ends of the frames or securing the: eck beams to ersand of the web frames supporting the stringers may also 'be reduced by making the spacing between the web frames less than the `distance between the web frame `andtheadjacent bulkhead to which the web frame is bracketed. This i illustrated inFigs. 6 and 7.,v i I used for carrying a liquid or anyother kind of cargo, irrespective of whether the vessel My invention, which is applicabletoV the whole or any partof ay vessel which'mayfbe pelled, whether coal or liquld. fuel i'siuse ,or whether or not the vessel vcarries passengers,

only to cover transverseinembers having un-' equal spacingv as seen in Figs. 1 and A@which unequalv spacing is renderedpossib1e-and ad-'' 'visableby the -fact that certain ofthe trans- "verse members whichI employ-are 'of a different construction 'from the others and have thel longitudinal `frames connected? to them by brackets, but also tocoverfthelempley -ment of transverse frames alternating with v -bulkheads as'seen in'Figs. 2' and 5 so that I infnooase-eniploy transverseframes of the consecut'ifli/'ejlifcharacter specified in--the lpatent aforesaid, and my invention is'consequently "differentiated therefrom, the preferred collocation or spacing of 'the variousfelements bulkheads' on vessels intended'for'carrying oil in bulk are .spaced about 28`feet apart,

I and two transverses' are fitted between'bulkheads, `thespacing between -thetwo transverses and between the transverses and the '[40 bulkheads being the same, e5,- onefthlrd of 28 feet, the longitudinals-bein'g .carried from bulkhead to bulkhead through slots in the outer edges of.: the transverses and being bracketed to the bulkheads,

I have found that ifthe distance between. s the two transverses Iis'made about onequar- I@bottom and deck by brackets, as will be understood from Figs. 3, 6 and 7.

ter of the distance,l between the-bulkheads, and the distance between 'the' bulkhead and the lnearest transverse is increased 'accordingly to about threeeighths the distance between bulkheads, the stresses on' the longitudinals are reducedv about 10%V and the load carried by the transverses is also reduced about "10%. ,This reduction in the being understood from Figs.: 1, 2,4 and In"accordance withzthe accepted Isher-fT wood practice developed' in conjunction w-lthf Lloyds Regsteaofv/Shippi/ngythe transverse stresses on the longitudinaland-in the load on the transverses enablesthe size of both the -longitudinals and transverses to be ren duced and still maintain the same factor of safety in the construction. Withf the two transverses spaced nearer'the centen#` of the oil tank, however, the brackets connecting` the longitudinals to the bulkheads would need to be somewhat stronger than when the transverses are equally spaced in order to obtain the same factor of safety. This construction is illustrated in Fig. 1.

will beifurtherfapparentthat lInlay v` l employ v slots in the" Itransverse frames;

,i construction, I have referred tothe possibility of employing. brackets v,at the transtratedbest by Fig. 52, in which the number "verse .framesas wellA as at the transverse bulkheads,` which method of framing is illusof transverse lframes between bulkheads is' reduced to one. The same method of framing lcan be usedwith two or more intermediate frames and thesize of the longitudinalframes will be determined by the maxi- `mum bending moment to which it is sub- Ajected, which maximum bending moment would, be ver much less than would be olif` tained by ca culations which do not allow for Athegreat reduction in bending moment' in the longitudinal frame which occurs b reason of the support aiforded 4by vvthe bracket. V I

n win bef-feather' a paient to time' skilledinfthe artt,h'at int e broad aspect of my invention, these mechanical principles applyvwith novelty toy the following constructions,:-' 1st' longitudinally framed vessels in which j'tjhe'- ongitudlnal frames are continuous through two or more transverse frames and connected to brackets attached to transverse bulkheads, as will be understood from Figs. 1, 4 and 8.l

2nd, longitudinally framed vessels in which the transverse bulkheads are so close tOgethen'that-'One intermediate transverse frame oni need be fitted between transverse bu'l .p eads',.as will be understood from Figs.- 2 and 5. l

3rd, t'rans^versely framed vessels in which the transversefframes are supported by two or more stringers and connected to the inner 4th, transversely framed vessels in which the stringers are supported by two or more web frames and connected to transverse bulkheads by brackets, as will be understood from Figs. 6 and 7.

5th, transversely framed vessels in which the deck beams are supported by two or misses 7' Having thus described my invention, what I vclaim as new' and desire to secure by Letters Patent is Y l. In a vessel, a plurality of transverses or' webs, longitudinal frames, beams or stiflenersy extending through said transverses or webs and supportedthereby, bulkheads, and a bracket common to certain of said longitudinals 0r stiffeners and bulkheads, the` spacing of said transverses or webs being greater for the bay in which the bracket occurs than where the longitudinal brackets common to saidframes and beams or stiifener isnot supported by a bracket.

'2. VIn a vessel, a plurality of transverses or webs, "longitudinal frames, beams or generally customaryV without such an in i stieners supported by the latter, andbrackwhich .said frames are cut .tively longitudinal frames, beams'v or sti'encrs bracketed to said bulkheads, and` an winter# Ymediate transverse or web to which .saidl longitudinal frameabeams or stiifeners are ported by said transverse members,

ets common te said longitudinale or `stiff-5' leners and the transversesor webs, whereby a wider spacing of said `transverses or,

webs is enabled to be usedtha'n would be `proper with the same size of longitudinalel unsupported by brackets.

3. In a vessel, a plurality 7 ofcompara- 4fl. In a vessel, `a plurality of transverse members, and longitudinal framessup-` through some of which latter said frames-pass continuously without brackets, and at others of and bracketed to v said transverse members, the spacing between said transverse members through which the frames pass continuously without bracketing being less thanthe distance between such member and the adjacent tran -verse member at which the frames are bracketed, whereby the weight 4of the struc* ture is safely reduced over what is required if the spacing of the transverse members is not so arranged. l 1

l5. In a vessel, a plurality of transverse members, and `longitudinal frames and beams supported by said transversemembers, through some of which latter' said frames and beams pass continuously without brackets, and at others of which said frames and beams are cut and bracketed to said transverse members, the spacing between the transverse members through which said frames and beams pass continuously without bracketing being less than the distance between `such member and the adjacent transverse member at which said frames and beams are bracketed, whereby the weight of the structure is safely reduced over what is required if the spacing of the transverse members is not so arranged.

closely spaced transverse bulkheads,

structed with closely spaced stifi'eners, two .or more widely spaced webs supporting said i passing through mon to said frames and members, the .spacing Aof said transv erse members being greater ,than is generally customary, without` such an increase in the size of the longitudinal frames corresponding tothe increased spacing of the ,transverse members as would be` required to secure satisfactory strengthif the longitudinal frames were not connected to the transverse members by brackets.

7. In a vessel, a plurality of transverse members, longitudinal frames and beams supported by said transverse members, and

and transverse members, the vspacing of said transverse members beiner greater than 1s crease in the size of, the longitudinal frames and beams corresponding to the increased spacing of the transverse members, as would berequiredto secure satisfactory strength if ythelongitudinal frames and beams were a not connected to the transverse members by brackets.

8. In a vessel, "one or more bulkheads conl stiffeners, the latter` passing continuously without `brackets throughA said webs, and brackets supporting said stiffeners at their ends, said brackets being attached to suitable framing, on which bulkhead the spacing between the webs through whichthe stiienj ers pass continuously is less than the distancebetween said webs and the supports at which the stiife'ner is bracketed, whereby the weight df the structure is reduced over what is required if the spacing between-the webs is made the same as betweenthe webs and the fend structure supporting said stiii'eners.

9. In a vessel, a portion thereof constructedkwith longitudinal frames and transverse members supporting said frames, said frames some of said transverse members continuously without brackets, and at others of which said frames are cut and bracketed to said transverse members, the spacing between said transverse members through which said frames pass continuously without bracketing being less than the distance between such member and the adjacent transverse member at which the frames are bracketed, whereby the weight of the structure'is safely reduced over what is required if the spacing of the transverse members is not so arranged'.

10. In a vessel, a portion thereof constructed with longitudinal frames and beams and transverse members supporting said frames and beams, through some of which transverse members said frames and beams pass continuously without brackets, and at others .of which said frames and beams are cut and bracketed, the spacing between said vtransverse members through which said frames and .beams pass continuousl `without bracketing bein lesssthanthe istance between such mem er and the adjacent transverse member at which said frames and beams Sare bracketed, wherebythe wei ht of the structure -is safel reduced-over W at is '10 required-if the spacing of thev transverse members .is Inot so arranged.

- 11.'In a vessel,. a portion thereof constructed with longitudinal frames, trans-4 l v ,'Agversemembers supporting said longitudinal l rames,"`and brackets for connecting said y -jframesrto said transverse members, thespacs' ing of said transverse members bemg greater thansgenerally customary withoutsuch an in *the size of the longitudinal ending to the increased spacansverse members as would'b'e frames were not connected members by brackets. sel, a portion 'thereof conbeamsptigamsverse members supporting sald ramesfandgbeams, and brackets for connect ing-.said Yframes and beams to said transverse l members,f-theispacing of said ltransverse members being-greater than is generally' customary without such an increase 'in the size of the' 1'longitudinal frames land beams ansYerse-members as would be required ure satisfactory strength if the longito the transverse members by ctedgwithclosely-spaced beams, a plu- 'ty of1;gir ders for supporting said f ibrmer passing continuously ure satisfactory strength if,

Orres-pending to the increased spacing of y'frames and beams were not con-f i In a vessel, oneJ or more decks conthrough said girders without knees or brackets, Abrackets or knees for supporting Vers forfsupporting certainldf said frames, and-brackets for securing the ends of said frames, the spacing 'of said stringers being 60 adjusted to secure as nearly as practicable uniform stresses in the frames wherethey cross said stringersV and at -the ends of said brackets securing the ends of the frames or securing the deck beams to the frames, wherebythe weight of the lstructure is reduced over what is requiredv if the'spacing of the 15.` In a vesselya' plurality lof transverse frames, stringers for sup-porting certain of 4said frames, web frames for supporting said stringers, and bulkheads vto which said stringers are bracketed, the spacing between said web frames being lessthan the distance between vthe vweb frames and the adjacent .bulkhead to which said Stringer is bracketed, 'whereby vtheV weight of the structure is reducedover what is required if the spacing between .the web`frame's is made the same A as the distance between the web frames and the bu1kheads.` l

u GATEWOOD.

Witnesses: i

E. FINNIs HEATH HAROLD-F. NORTON., 

